What is Functional Communication Training (FCT)?

Functional communication training (FCT) is a behavior modification technique used to teach individuals with developmental disabilities or challenging behaviors an alternative means of communication. The goal of FCT is to reduce or eliminate problem behaviors, such as aggression or self-injury, by teaching the individual a more appropriate way to communicate their needs, wants, and feelings.

FCT involves identifying the function or purpose of the problem behavior (e.g. obtaining attention, accessing a preferred item) and teaching the individual a more appropriate way to communicate this need. This may involve teaching the individual to use a communication device or to use verbal words or phrases to request what they want. The individual is then reinforced (e.g. with attention, access to a preferred item) for using the alternative means of communication rather than engaging in the problem behavior.

FCT is typically implemented as part of a comprehensive behavior modification plan and may be used in combination with other techniques, such as extinction and differential reinforcement. It is an effective way to teach individuals with developmental disabilities or challenging behaviors the skills they need to effectively communicate and interact with others. FCT should be implemented consistently and with the guidance of a trained professional.